The Zhejiang provincial standard of Terms and Definitions of Digital Reform (DB33/T2350-2021) was released recently and took effect on August 5^th. For the convenience of international friends interested in the digital reform of Zhejiang, Department of Foreign Affairs of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Government has worked to provide an English-translated version of the standard. The following is the full text of the translation, and it is for reference only:

Terms and Definitions of Digital Reform

1. Scope

This standard defines the terms and their definitions under the categories of management and technology in the digital reform.

This standard is applicable to:

— five major areas of the digital reform of Party and government agencies in Zhejiang Province, i.e. holistic smart governance, digital government, digital economy, digital society and digital rule of law;

— integrated and intelligent public data platform;

— the development of relevant theoretical system as well as the rules and regulations system.

2. Normative References

There are no normative references in this document.

3. Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions are applicable to this standard.

3.1 Management

3.1.1 Common and Basic Terminology

3.1.1.1 Holistic Smart Governance

To achieve holistic, systematic, precise and smart public governance through extensive use of digital technology and more effective coordination among governance entities.

3.1.1.2 Integrated Intelligent Public Data Platform

A basic platform for data awareness, sharing and computing during the entire process of provincial governance. The platform is supported by technologies including cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and the Internet.

Note 1 to entry: The platform is developed to support the following functions of Party and government agencies: holistic smart governance, digital government, digital economy, digital society and digital rule of law.

Note 2 to entry: The platform consists of “Four Horizontal and Four Vertical Components” system and "Two Front Ends", which covers the provincial, municipal, county and township level governments.

Note 3 to entry: “Four Horizontal Components” refers to: infrastructure, data resources, application support, and administrative business applications; “Four Vertical Components” refers to: policies and regulations, standards and codes, organizational basis, and cyber security for government websites. “Two Front Ends” refers to the Zheliban app and Zhezhengding (a digital platform of administrative collaboration co-developed by Zhejiang provincial government and Alibaba Group).

3.1.1.3 Holistic Smart Governance of Party and Government Agencies

A digital reform which aims at modernizing provincial governance. With “strengthening overall Party leadership and supporting the provincial Party committee to exercise authority over and coordinate overall initiatives” as the main tasks, the reform will be carried out in a systemic approach and with digital tools. Through digital empowerment, business collaboration, redesigning of procedures and remodeling of systems, party and government agencies will be more modernized.

3.1.1.4 Digital Government

Supported by an integrated and intelligent public data platform, the government will build a high-quality and convenient service system available to all, a fair and just law enforcement and supervision system, a holistic and efficient operation and management system, and an intelligent and well-coordinated governance system covering all areas. In this way, a new form of administrative management and government operation mode will be formed.

Note 1 to entry: This is a reform which adheres to the people-centered philosophy of development and aims at improving people's wellbeing through an efficient market and an effective government. A comprehensive, systematic, and transformative change will take place in governance through the integrated use of digital technology, digital thinking and digital cognition, which will lead to more democratic and scientific policy making, higher-quality and more efficient public services, better and fairer business environment, more dynamic market entities and greater sense of happiness, fulfillment and security among people.

3.1.1.5 Digital Society

In order to meet the needs of our people for a high-quality life and realize the modernization of social governance, the data, modules and applications related to social governance are used as means to provide people with diverse, fair and convenient social services covering every link of the whole process, as well as providing officials with systematic, timely, efficient and open management methods, so as to build a society with fairer, safer and better urban and rural areas.

Note 1 to entry: The goals include ensuring universal access to childcare, education, employment, housing, transportation, entertainment, sports, cultural and medical services, elderly care, and social welfare assistance.

3.1.1.6 Digital Economy

A new form of economy which uses data resources as the key production factor and  modern information network as the main carrier. It is driven by ICT-integrated application and total factor digital transformation, aiming for high efficiency and optimized the economic structure.

3.1.1.7 Digital Rule of Law

A new form of rule of law for the modernization of provincial governance guided by Xi Jinping’s thinking on the rule of law, based on digital reform theory and big data, and supported by digital cognition, digital thinking and digital technology. It will be achieved by comprehensively coordinating and systematically transforming the core rule of law issues, and by making legislation, law enforcement, justice and law publicity more scientific, efficient and holistic.

3.1.2 Path and Method

3.1.2.1 V-shaped Model

A basic method for digital reform is to take a full inventory of administrative businesses and integrate data. It includes business synergy sub-model and data sharing sub-model.

Note 1 to entry: The business synergy sub-model includes: identifying the core business - determining business modules - breaking down each business - identifying different businesses - determining processes - clarifying synergistic relationships - summarizing data requirements;

The data sharing sub-model includes: drawing up a list of data for sharing - forging synergy in data service - realizing synergy in items index - realizing the integration of administrative items - realizing the integration of business modules – forming the administrative business system.

3.1.2.2 System Reshaping

The process of adjusting and reshaping the authority and responsibility system and its operation mode stipulated by laws and regulations, due to significant changes taking place inside an organization or in its external environment, and the further innovation of the organizational structure, functions, responsibility distribution and mutual relationship.

Note 1 to entry: It includes changes of endogenous system such as redesigning business process, and externally driven ones such as applying digital technology.

3.1.2.3 System Reconstruction

The process of structural transformation, adjustment and reconstruction of the interconnected organizational system, operation system and safeguard system to meet the needs of the changing systems.

3.1.2.4 Package Service

Provide administrative counterparts with cross-departmental, cross-level and cross-regional thematic package services based on their needs and through closer system, data and personnel coordination between two or more services centers, departments or regions.

3.1.2.5 Businesses Identification

A method to form a list of items, processes data by collecting, collating and analyzing the issues occurred while authorities and other organizations are carrying out authoritative responsibilities in accordance with laws, regulations and rules.

3.1.2.6 Core businesses

Basic, key, emergency and other work of government administrations and other organizations based on their authority, responsibility and major tasks for the current stage. It includes the main indicators, work, policies and evaluation system.

3.1.2.7 Comprehensive Application of Holistic Smart Governance of Party and Government Agencies

A key carrier for Party and government agencies to practice holistic smart governance, collaborate and implement major tasks, ensure closed-loop task management and promote reform and development in various fields. It is an innovative management software for multiple businesses integration built on the province's integrated intelligent data platform (including intranet and extranet), offering a comprehensive integration of core business applications of various departments at all levels.

Note 1 to entry: Featuring multi-platform collaboration, digital empowerment, redesigning of procedures and remodeling of systems, it will meet the requirements of scenarios including “one screen for all tasks”, “one press to push policies”, “one device to carry through tasks”, “one website for all access”, “one network to do”, and “one window for supervision”. Its basic framework involves “major tasks + execution chain + key areas”.

3.1.2.8 Major Tasks of Holistic Smart Governance of Party and Government Agencies

An important function module in the comprehensive application basic framework of holistic smart governance of Party and government agencies. These tasks include the key work and urgent collaboration work of the current year that are of concern to the regional or departmental party committee, and they are the key and focus of the online collaborative management among different levels of Party and government agencies.

Note 1 to entry: The major tasks of provincial-level comprehensive application include: “five historical missions”, key special projects, emergency response; The major tasks of municipal and county-level comprehensive application include: “five historical missions”, key special projects, annual main tasks for the region, and special platforms of the region. The major tasks of departmental-level comprehensive application include: “five historical missions”, key special projects, annual main tasks for the department, and the special platforms of the department.

3.1.2.9 Main Areas of Holistic Smart Governance of Party and Government Agencies

An important function module in the comprehensive application basic framework of holistic smart governance of Party and government agencies. It is the collection and integration of digital function modules of the department's core businesses, and shows the annual key tasks and overall operation of departments in different fields through features pages on holistic smart governance. It forms an important basis, providing the basic information, latest updates, businesses collaboration and data synergy, for holistic smart governance of Party and government agencies.

Note 1 to entry: Provincial modules include: Party-building; economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development; and work of municipal and county-level government as well as that of different departments.

3.1.2.10 Implementation Chain of Holistic Smart Governance of Party and Government Agencies

An important function module in the comprehensive application basic framework of holistic smart governance of Party and government agencies. It is used for whole process management and link control throughout the implementation of major tasks.

Note 1 to entry: The implementation chain covers all office and administrative business systems of all departments, providing means for top leaders or leading departments to track the implementation of major tasks in real time, supervise and gather feedback.

3.1.2.11 Two Lists and Two Charts

An abbreviation for System Integration List and Data Resource List, as well as Business Collaboration Flow Chart and Data Integration Flow Chart.

3.1.2.12 Business Collaboration

The process of authorities and other organizations to work together to carry out relevant businesses, give feedback, take collaborative actions and achieve desired goals based on their authority and responsibility.

3.1.2.13 Multi-platform Collaboration

Cross-business, cross-department, cross-level, cross-region, and cross-system work collaboration.

3.1.2.14 Data Collaboration

The process of authorities and other organizations to achieve desired goals of administrative businesses collaboration through data collection, gathering, sharing and application.

3.1.2.15 Data Chain

A system and means to achieve efficient and secure information and data transmission based on a chain or mesh of data interaction path formed through specific logical and spatio-temporal relationships.

3.1.3 Major Achievements

3.1.3.1 Digital Reform Portal

A portal to showcase digital reform results and support decision-making. The portal is an integration of the management interface of collaborative applications.

3.1.3.2 Features Portal of Holistic Smart Governance

An exhibition carrier to showcase main modules of holistic smart governance of Party and government agencies, reflecting local agencies' concept of practicing holistic smart governance, and the information and services of promoting digital reform.

Note 1 to entry: The “Party Building” and “Five Prongs” pages mainly show typical application scenarios and best practices of holistic smart governance in this area. The “Municipal, County and Department-level Efforts” page mainly consists of an overview of the region and the department, their annual major tasks and the progress, highlight practices (multiple scenario applications, rewards for science and technology, best practices, etc.), and data sharing services.

3.1.3.3 City Brain

An important infrastructure of modern cities based on and supported by data, computing power, algorithms, etc. It is a digital system that uses new technologies such as big data, cloud computing and block chain, to promote the modernization of urban governance and governance capacity in a comprehensive and complete way.

3.1.3.4 Industrial Brain

An integrated and open empowerment platform with data resources as the core and is supported by Industrial Internet and a new generation of information technology. It integrates industrial chain, supply chain, capital chain and innovation chain, and connects enterprises and government agencies. It also covers the production and consumption side, providing digital empowerment for companies during production and operation, digital services for industrial ecological construction, and digital means for economic governance. It will help promote reforms of quality, efficiency and power in related industries.

3.1.3.5 One Map

A data resource system and business system based on geospatial information and basic data, which integrates processes such as supervision, approval and services. Supervision is realized with a map marking data such as the current status and results of administrative businesses.

3.1.3.6 Management Cockpit

A centralized management information system in the form of a cockpit, with key operation indicators of the city or Party and government agencies indicated by various common graphs, which make monitoring, warning and analysis of abnormal key indicators much easier. It provides a “one-stop” decision support for administrators.

3.1.3.7 One Website for All Access

The provincial integrated service platform Zhejiang Government Online (a.k.a. Zheliban) integrates discrete administrative systems and data into a standardized, collaborative and convenient platform to provide companies, organizations and the public with integrated, intelligent and equal access to government services, so that they can get their things done on one website, or go to their nearest government service centers and enjoy more convenient services.

3.1.3.8 Zheliban

A portal as a result of digital reform. It is the general entrance for companies, organizations and the general public to get things done via its four sub-portals: Zhejiang Government’s Official Web Portal, Zheliban app, administrative service center and self-service machine. It integrates the province's government service items as applied, and other services that will benefit businesses and people, while also connecting to the national online government service platform.

3.1.3.9 Zhezhengding

An app co-developed by Zhejiang provincial government and Alibaba Group. It is the general entrance to mobile office for online communication and collaboration among Party and government agencies, public organizations, enterprises and institutions, community-level organizations and the relevant staff at all levels.

3.1.3.10 Digital Countryside

A smart rural production, living, and ecological space with interconnected data, shared services, and efficient and effective governance. It is built according to the principle of “building rural areas with thriving businesses, pleasant living environment, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity”, widely utilizing networking, digitalization, and smart technologies, and aiming to promote digital transformation in rural industries, talents, culture, ecology, and organization.

3.1.3.11 Future Factory

A modern factory that widely applies digital twin, artificial intelligence, big data and other new generation information technology to innovate production methods and drive production process reengineering through data. It is based on digital design, smart production, green manufacturing, digital management and secure supervision and control, featuring networked collaboration, personalized customization, service extension and other new business modes. The aim is to improve the enterprise's value chain and core competitiveness, and to lead the development of new smart manufacturing.

Note 1 to entry: New smart manufacturing refers to a new stage where smart manufacturing continues to evolve and upgrade. It is based on the deep integration of new generation of information technology and advanced manufacturing. At this stage, the reengineering of production and organization are driven by data, and demand and supply, as well as consumption and manufacturing are all connected. The aim is to improve the quality, efficiency and core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and adopt advanced ways of production by forming an online plus offline system and ecology which is knowledge-driven, dynamically optimized, safe and efficient.

3.1.3.12 Future Community

A new type of urban functional unit featuring six unique characteristics: comfortable life, beautiful environment, smart IoT, low-carbon ways of living, innovation and entrepreneurship, and harmonious co-governing. It focuses on meeting people's aspiration for a better life and realizing three-dimensional values of humanization, ecology and digitalization, aiming to provide high-quality and comfortable with a sense of belonging and a sense of future.

Note 1 to entry: It includes nine scenarios: future neighborhood, education, healthcare, entrepreneurship, architecture, transportation, low-carbon, service, and governance.

3.1.3.13 Application

Software consisting of one or more components to fulfill certain business functions in given domains.

3.1.3.14 System

A unit consisting of a set of interrelated and interacting applications.

3.1.3.15 Prototype System

A systems development method of designing an application within a short period of time by system analysts and designers in cooperation with users. The prototype system identifies only basic user requirements, and is experimental and simple with only basic functionality.

3.1.3.16 Platform

A computer software system, which can be a combination of several software systems. It is mainly used to provide a development and operation environment for specific functional applications.

3.1.3.17 Chain (Application Name)

A digital application or system covering full life cycle of a certain business or item.

3.1.3.18 Code (Application Name)

Digital identification based on citizens' ID card number, national unified social credit code on business license, or general GS1 code.

Note 1 to entry: It should be supported by relevant systems.

3.1.3.19 On Line (Application Name)

A digital application or system mainly featuring online and offline business integration and comprehensive integration.

3.1.3.20 Integrated Application

An integration of applications that combines all relevant applications in one or more fields and provides systematic and integrated services from multiple angles and dimensions.

3.1.3.21 Application Scenario

A digital environment that presents the characteristics of one or more elements such as business objects, functions and processes, which is based on the in-depth use of digital technology.

3.1.3.22 Multi-platform Application Scenarios

Cross-business, cross-department, cross-level, cross-region, and cross-system application scenarios.

3.2 Technology

3.2.1 Infrastructure

3.2.1.1 Government Affairs Cloud

An infrastructure platform which adopts cloud computing technology to provide unified common services such as computing, storage, big data, application support and cyber security safeguard for government agencies.

3.2.1.2 Visual Networking

A unified communication network which adopts communication protocol and provides high-definition video services such as video conference, command and dispatch, and emergency treatment.

3.2.2 Data Resources

3.2.2.1 Public Data

Data resources acquired by government agencies, organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs while performing duties and providing public services according to law; plus other data resources under public data management as specified by laws and regulations.

3.2.2.2 Data Governance

The process of overall planning and coordination of data quality management, asset management, risk management, etc., based on the data life cycle.

Note 1 to entry: From a multidisciplinary perspective, data governance needs to address issues like data ownership, and clarify the roles of stakeholders. It is important to clarify the rights and interests as well as responsibilities and tasks, avoid risks, improve data quality, and ensure that data assets can be managed and utilized in an orderly and sustainable way in the long term.

Note 2 to entry: From the IT perspective, data governance refers to the process of managing, disposing, formatting and standardizing data. Data governance is an essential element of managing data and data system. Data governance involves full-life-cycle management of data, regardless of whether it is in a static, dynamic, unfinished or transactional state.

[SOURCE: GB/T37043—2018, Definition 2.3.1]

3.2.2.3 Data Sharing

The act of public management and service agencies using the data from or providing the data to their counterparts in accordance with the law, for the purpose of performing their duties and providing public services.

3.2.2.4 Open Data

A public service offered by public management and service agencies to provide primitive, machine-readable and publicly available data sets for the society.

3.2.2.5 Data Exchange

A process to transfer data between various parties and achieve communication, interoperability, information sharing and collaborative operation among different systems by using agreed information formats, control protocols and open interfaces.

[SOURCE: GB/T37043-2018, Definition 2.3.3]

3.2.2.6 Data Fusion

The process of obtaining new or higher quality information through certain processes based on one or more sets of data.

[SOURCE: GB/T33745-2017, Definition 2.5.6]

3.2.2.7 Data High Speed Rail

A data collection and integration model using methods such as log collection, data analysis and input into databases to improve the speed, accuracy and completeness of public data transmission.

3.2.2.8 Data Warehouse

A collection of various public data resources acquired by government agencies and organizations to manage public affairs. It is dynamically updated in real time, with relatively stable information types and formats.

3.2.2.9 Data Middle Platform

A packaged business capability platform to quickly provide data services to the front end. The function is realized by defining metadata standards to standardize actions such as data extraction and data collation.

3.2.3 Application Support

3.2.3.1 Modules

An aggregate of program statements that can be named individually and can perform certain functions independently (i.e. it is an aggregate of program code and data structures).

3.2.3.2 Components

An aggregate of one or more modules that can be independently encapsulated and can perform specific functions.

3.2.3.3 Common components

Standardized components that can be applied to different systems during application development.

3.2.3.4 Business Middle Platform

An aggregate of business service capabilities which defines a set of meta-business standards that are used to standardize backend provision, integrate different processes, provide public services, and serve the front end with faster response.